Consider the following code. while (x = 3) x = 0;?

The = operator in the condition is causing the value of 3 to be igned to the variable x. The result is that the while condition will evaluate to whatever value was used in the ignment i.e. 3. Since this is a non zero value, it is treated as a logical "true", thus the while statements will always execute. The exhibited behaviour is the variable x perpetually oscillating between the values of 0 and 3. The actual operations carried out within the loop are irrelevant however, since it is exclusively the result of the ignment that governs the result of the while condition.